The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable. Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Plain radiograph. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Intimate partner violence should be considered in patients where the clinical details do not match the fracture, or the injury occurs in an intimate setting 7. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. There is no associated bone fragment. Calcaneal fracture. Epidemiology transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. more: Jones fracture. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. Classification. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Pathology Mechanism. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Strictly speaking, the fracture is misnamed and should more correctly be called "hangee" fracture. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. Practical points Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. CT or MR may be more sensitive than conventional radiographs for detection of avulsion injuries. Sternal fractures occur in ~5% of blunt chest trauma with the manubrium being the most commonly injured part. Classification. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Epidemiology. The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. Anderson and D'Alonzo Gaillard F, Lustosa L, Murphy A, et al. Practical points This page is for adult patients. Both the end of the fibula (1) and the tibia (2) are broken and the malleolar fragments (arrow: medial malleolus, arrowhead: lateral malleolus) are displaced. Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Both the end of the fibula (1) and the tibia (2) are broken and the malleolar fragments (arrow: medial malleolus, arrowhead: lateral malleolus) are displaced. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. The complex of the medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint is collectively called deltoid ligament.It attaches the medial malleolus to multiple tarsal bones. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as On plain film, dorsal avulsion injuries are best detected on a lateral projection, where typically an avulsed flake of bone is identified lying posteriorly to the triquetral bone (see pooping duck sign). They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name. They may represent an isolated tendinous injury or occur in combination with an avulsion fracture of the dorsal base of the distal phalanx. Epidemiology Fractures of the sternum are seen in between 3-6.8% of all motor vehicle collisions 1. They have different prognosis and treatment depending on the location of the fracture. Symptoms of a Lisfranc fracture depend on the severity of the injury. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as Differential diagnosis Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Epidemiology. Vertical fracture through the distal tibial epiphysis (Salter-Harris III) with a horizontal extension through the lateral aspect of the physis. Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. Symptoms of a Lisfranc fracture depend on the severity of the injury. They have different prognosis and treatment depending on the location of the fracture. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. fracture through the physis scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth Common symptoms include tenderness and swelling at the site of injury and the top of your foot. Differential diagnosis In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Terminology. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. Pathology Mechanism. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. Pathology. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture. The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with The lack of a metaphyseal fracture component in the coronal plane (evaluated with lateral x-ray or CT) distinguishes a Tillaux fracture from a triplanar fracture. Having three parts, this is a more unstable fracture and may be associated with ligamentous injury. They have different prognosis and treatment depending on the location of the fracture. Classification. fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. high risk of nonunion. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. As a historical note, there are four methods of judicial hanging, and the process is more complicated than may be evident at first glance. There is no associated bone fragment. fracture through the physis CT or MR may be more sensitive than conventional radiographs for detection of avulsion injuries. forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. Classification. intra-articular glenoid fracture. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. There are two classification systems 5,6. For pediatric patients, see: ankle fracture (peds), Isolated medial or posterior malleolar fracture, Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture, Tips for Managing Weber B Ankle Fractures By Joseph Noack, MD; and Spencer Tomberg, MD. Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: stable injury The ligament is composed of two layers. The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. The term "hangman fracture" was introduced by Schneider in 1965 5. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular Pathology Mechanism. Vertical fracture through the distal tibial epiphysis (Salter-Harris III) with a horizontal extension through the lateral aspect of the physis. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. The complex of the medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint is collectively called deltoid ligament.It attaches the medial malleolus to multiple tarsal bones. base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. Lisfranc injury. A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track shoulder The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Pathology Nasal bone fractures, when isolated, are most commonly displaced fractures of one of the paired nasal bones. Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. Plain radiograph. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. Gross anatomy. The ligament is composed of two layers. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Dorsal avulsion fracture. Treatment and prognosis Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. Strictly speaking, the fracture is misnamed and should more correctly be called "hangee" fracture. Pathology. Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture Bimalleolar fracture and right ankle dislocation on X-ray (anteroposterior). It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. Phalanx fractures are common injuries, although less common than metacarpal fractures. Epidemiology Both the end of the fibula (1) and the tibia (2) are broken and the malleolar fragments (arrow: medial malleolus, arrowhead: lateral malleolus) are displaced. Terminology. Gaillard F, Lustosa L, Murphy A, et al. Strictly speaking, the fracture is misnamed and should more correctly be called "hangee" fracture. They may represent an isolated tendinous injury or occur in combination with an avulsion fracture of the dorsal base of the distal phalanx. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Pathology Nasal bone fractures, when isolated, are most commonly displaced fractures of one of the paired nasal bones. transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. The superficial layer has variable attachments and crosses two joints while the deep layer has talar attachments and crosses one joint: The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. Associations Calcaneal fracture. Epidemiology There are two classification systems 5,6. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. high risk of nonunion. Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture. Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Gross anatomy. Lisfranc injury. Jones fracture. extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) It comprises of: a vertical fracture through the epiphysis; a horizontal fracture through the physis; an oblique fracture through the metaphysis more: Jones fracture. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Anderson and D'Alonzo The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Associations Sternal fractures occur in ~5% of blunt chest trauma with the manubrium being the most commonly injured part. Gross anatomy. transverse fracture through diaphysis. Treatment and prognosis Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. intra-articular glenoid fracture. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. The term "hangman fracture" was introduced by Schneider in 1965 5. Check out the new My Emergency Department app - a single source of truth for all your ED team's guidelines, policies and education content. The complex of the medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint is collectively called deltoid ligament.It attaches the medial malleolus to multiple tarsal bones. fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. Classification. Classification. Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable. Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases. As a historical note, there are four methods of judicial hanging, and the process is more complicated than may be evident at first glance. Differential diagnosis Classification. Mallet finger refers to injuries of the extensor mechanism of the finger at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP).They are the most prevalent finger tendon injury in sport. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. Classification. Mallet finger refers to injuries of the extensor mechanism of the finger at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP).They are the most prevalent finger tendon injury in sport. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Phalanx fractures are common injuries, although less common than metacarpal fractures. base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. Jones fracture. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Jones fracture. Associations Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. Classification. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Epidemiology. Practical points On plain film, dorsal avulsion injuries are best detected on a lateral projection, where typically an avulsed flake of bone is identified lying posteriorly to the triquetral bone (see pooping duck sign). It comprises of: a vertical fracture through the epiphysis; a horizontal fracture through the physis; an oblique fracture through the metaphysis There are two classification systems 5,6. Pathology. It comprises of: a vertical fracture through the epiphysis; a horizontal fracture through the physis; an oblique fracture through the metaphysis Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. Plain radiograph. Intimate partner violence should be considered in patients where the clinical details do not match the fracture, or the injury occurs in an intimate setting 7. Terminology. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture Bimalleolar fracture and right ankle dislocation on X-ray (anteroposterior). A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Lisfranc injury. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource The term "hangman fracture" was introduced by Schneider in 1965 5. Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. Practical points. fracture through the physis Practical points. Calcaneal fracture. On plain film, dorsal avulsion injuries are best detected on a lateral projection, where typically an avulsed flake of bone is identified lying posteriorly to the triquetral bone (see pooping duck sign). Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. high risk of nonunion. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. Symptoms of a Lisfranc fracture depend on the severity of the injury. Classification. They may represent an isolated tendinous injury or occur in combination with an avulsion fracture of the dorsal base of the distal phalanx. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Anderson and D'Alonzo Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track shoulder Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture Bimalleolar fracture and right ankle dislocation on X-ray (anteroposterior). Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: stable injury As a historical note, there are four methods of judicial hanging, and the process is more complicated than may be evident at first glance. Practical points. Intimate partner violence should be considered in patients where the clinical details do not match the fracture, or the injury occurs in an intimate setting 7. Epidemiology. The lack of a metaphyseal fracture component in the coronal plane (evaluated with lateral x-ray or CT) distinguishes a Tillaux fracture from a triplanar fracture. There is no associated bone fragment. Treatment and prognosis Gaillard F, Lustosa L, Murphy A, et al. Having three parts, this is a more unstable fracture and may be associated with ligamentous injury. Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. Classification. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. Epidemiology Fractures of the sternum are seen in between 3-6.8% of all motor vehicle collisions 1. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. Having three parts, this is a more unstable fracture and may be associated with ligamentous injury. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Common symptoms include tenderness and swelling at the site of injury and the top of your foot. Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular The lack of a metaphyseal fracture component in the coronal plane (evaluated with lateral x-ray or CT) distinguishes a Tillaux fracture from a triplanar fracture. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Mallet finger refers to injuries of the extensor mechanism of the finger at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP).They are the most prevalent finger tendon injury in sport. intra-articular glenoid fracture. The ligament is composed of two layers. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. more: Jones fracture. Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. ACEP Now April 14, 2020, This page was last edited 19:56, 12 January 2021 by, http://radiopaedia.org/articles/weber_ankle_fracture_classification, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=12595378, https://www.acepnow.com/article/tips-for-managing-weber-b-ankle-fractures/?singlepage=1, https://www.wikem.org/w/index.php?title=Ankle_fracture&oldid=292390, Examine for ecchymoses, abrasions, or swelling, 4 sensation distributions: saphenous nerve (medial mal), superficial fib (lat mal), sural nerve (lateral 5th digit), deep fib (1st web space), Note skin integrity and areas of tenderness or crepitus over ankle, Range joint passively and actively to evaluate for stability, Perform anterior drawer test (positive exam suggests torn ATFL), Perform a crossed-leg test to detect syndesmotic injury, Palpate midfoot and base of 5th metatarsal for tenderness, AP: Best for isolated lateral and medial malleolar fractures, Best for evaluating for unstable fracture or soft tissue injury, At a point 1 cm proximal to tibial plafond space between tib/fib should be 6mm, Lateral: Best for posterior malleolar fractures, Consider proximal tib/fib films and talus fractures, System based on level of the fibular fracture and characterizes stability of fracture, Tibial plafond and the two malleoli is referred to as the ankle "mortise" (or talar mortise), Fibula fracture below ankle joint/distal to plafond, Usually stable: occasionally requires ORIF, Fibula fracture at the level of the ankle joint/at the plafond, Can extend superiorly and laterally up fibula, Tibiofibular syndesmosis intact or only partially torn, No widening of the distal tibiofibular articulation, Use gravity or weight bearing stress X-rays to determine stability, Fibula fracture above the level of the ankle joint/proximal to plafond, Tibiofibular syndesmosis disrupted with widening of the distal tibiofibular articulation, Neurovascular compromise from fracture requires emergent reduction and/or orthopedic intervention, Stable, nondisplaced, isolated malleolar fracture: Splint or cast, early wt bearing, RICE, Unstable or displaced fracture: Requires ORIF, ortho consult, reduce and splint, If stable (see Weber classification) treat like severe, Signs of medial (deltoid) ligament disruption such as medial swelling, ecchymosis, or TTP, Widening of medial clear space (suggests deltoid ligament injury), Immediate reduction or ortho consult in ED. As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. Dorsal avulsion fracture. The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. transverse fracture through diaphysis. Classification. base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. Phalanx fractures are common injuries, although less common than metacarpal fractures. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. CT or MR may be more sensitive than conventional radiographs for detection of avulsion injuries. Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. Common symptoms include tenderness and swelling at the site of injury and the top of your foot. transverse fracture through diaphysis. Classification. Classification. Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular Sternal fractures occur in ~5% of blunt chest trauma with the manubrium being the most commonly injured part. The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Epidemiology. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth Dorsal avulsion fracture. Vertical fracture through the distal tibial epiphysis (Salter-Harris III) with a horizontal extension through the lateral aspect of the physis. extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Epidemiology Fractures of the sternum are seen in between 3-6.8% of all motor vehicle collisions 1. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track shoulder Pathology Nasal bone fractures, when isolated, are most commonly displaced fractures of one of the paired nasal bones. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: stable injury Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Classification. Epidemiology. The superficial layer has variable attachments and crosses two joints while the deep layer has talar attachments and crosses one joint: These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. 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